How do I claim for cargo damage in ocean freight?
Quick answerOn delivery: inspect the container and cartons, photograph everything, note damage on the delivery receipt, and stop before unpacking. Then notify the carrier/forwarder in writing and commission a survey. Insurance claims generally need the policy, invoice, packing list, B/L, photos and survey report.
Immediate actions
Note exceptions on the delivery receipt — signing clean is hard to reverse.
Photograph container seals, doors, damaged cartons in situ.
Do not distribute cargo before a survey if the loss looks material.
Routes and timelines
Insurance: follow policy notice requirements; typically weeks to settle.
Carrier liability: limited by package or weight; legal action often requires suit within one year.
Keep all correspondence — claims are decided on documentation.
| Route | Recovery level | Key step |
|---|---|---|
| Insurance | full up to insured value | notify + survey |
| Carrier liability | capped per package/kg | written notice in time |
| Both | not exceeding actual loss | avoid double recovery |
Frequently asked questions
- What if I already unpacked?
- Recovery weakens sharply. Photograph, segregate and document immediately; expect a reduced settlement.
- Who pays for the survey?
- You initially; it is usually recoverable if the claim succeeds.
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Related
qa/what is cargo insurance
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Source: Juhe Zhuang rate platform (jhz56.com) market data and carrier documentation. Figures are reference ranges, not transaction prices; verify with your forwarder before booking.