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Incoterms and who pays which freight charge
The Incoterm decides who books and pays the ocean freight, and where risk transfers. Most China exports still quote FOB or CIF.
| Incoterm | Ocean freight paid by | Insurance | Import clearance |
|---|---|---|---|
| FOB | Buyer | Buyer | Buyer |
| CFR | Seller | Buyer | Buyer |
| CIF | Seller | Seller | Buyer |
| DAP | Seller | Either | Buyer |
| DDP | Seller | Seller | Seller |
Published lane medians are ocean freight only — map them to your Incoterm before quoting a customer.